Hanfu, the full name is "Traditional Costumes of the Han Nationality", also known as Han Clothes, Han Clothing, and Chinese Clothing. Hanfu was finalized in the Zhou Dynasty and passed down to the Qin Dynasty. The clothes of the Han Dynasty were directly inherited from the Qin Dynasty. For example, in the second volume of Cai Yong's "Doctrine" of the Han Dynasty: "The emperor always wears clothes, and Han clothes are adopted by Qin." The Han Dynasty formed a complete crown and uniform system.
From the time when the Yellow Emperor ascended the throne to the mid-17th century AD (late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty), in the main residential areas of the Han people, with the "Chinese-Han" culture as the background and dominant ideology, and with the Chinese etiquette culture as the center, it formed through natural evolution. The unique style and character of the Han nationality is obviously different from the traditional clothing and accessories systems of other nationalities. It is the embodiment of China's "land of clothes", "land of etiquette", "splendid China" and the country of Seris, and carries the dyeing, weaving and embroidery of the Han people. and other outstanding craftsmanship and aesthetics, inheriting more than 30 Chinese intangible cultural heritages and protected Chinese arts and crafts.
Hanfu developed from the clothes of "Yellow Emperor Yao and Shun hung down their clothes and ruled the world". The ancient emperor's six clothes, queen's clothes, Confucian clothes and sword clothes are at the center of the Hanfu system and have been followed for more than 4,000 years. Mianfu is the origin of Hanfu and best embodies the Chinese belief of "Jedi Tiantong". It is also the auspicious dress that Han people have used to worship gods and ancestors and communicate with heaven and earth for thousands of years.
The sum of the emperor's six clothes and the queen's six clothes not only symbolizes the twelve numbers of heaven, but also represents the universe, heaven and earth, the three stars and the five elements of heaven. They respectively represent the two basic clothing systems of Hanfu - the clothes system and the deep clothing system.
Confucius met in the state of Lu with the surname of JiTie's clothes come from the clothes of Yanju, the Duke of Zhou. When he lived in the Song Dynasty for a long time, he was crowned Zhangfu. "Zhangfu's crown" refers to a kind of Yin crown. In the Zhou Dynasty, it was called Weimagguan or Zianbu crown, which was used to govern the government. Zhuangzi mentioned the Confucian uniform and the sword uniform of the warrior. Therefore, Confucian clothing became the Taoist robe of later generations. Therefore, Confucian clothing and sword clothing became the legal uniforms for civil and military officials of the Chinese dynasty, and they were also the basic Han clothing for scholar-bureaucrats and warriors.
Hanfu is the traditional national costume of the Han nation that has been inherited for more than 4,000 years. It is the crown clothing system in the Four Books and Five Classics. It is a necessary component of the etiquette culture inherited based on "Spring and Autumn Period", "Kaiyuan Rites" of the Tang Dynasty, the Twenty-Four Historians and other historical collections. The Hanfu system demonstrates the hierarchical culture, kinship culture, political culture of Chinese civilization, the emphasis on direct descendants over concubines, the emphasis on elders over the young, as well as Confucian thoughts of benevolence and righteousness. In the context of ancient Chinese patriarchal culture, clothing has the function of showing one's name, distinguishing authority, and distinguishing between high and low. It is a formal dress for auspicious, unlucky, guest, military, and honorable etiquette. In addition to the etiquette of national events, the family rituals of ordinary Han people include the four rites of weddings and funerals. The Four Books and Five Classics have detailed descriptions of Hanfu dresses.
The overall style of Han costumes for thousands of years has been light and simple, emphasizing the unity of nature and man. The ancient Han robes best embody this style. The main feature of this robe is the wide robe. Big sleeves, flattering clothes with broad belt. From the silk paintings of the Han Dynasty and some figure paintings left over from the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, we can get a glimpse of one or two of its appearance - the simple Han costume coat attached to the figures of different postures suddenly has a kind of fresh vitality, with soft and smooth lines. . The robes fully embody the tranquility, elegance, detachment, and composure of the Han nationality, as well as the plain, natural, subtle, euphemistic, elegant and fresh aesthetic taste.
Taking the most typical deep garment as an example, its shape must comply with "rules, rules, ropes, and balances." A total of 12 pieces of fabric are used for the hem of the dark coat, which means that there are 12 months in a year, which embodies the strong thought of Dharma. The sleeves are arc-shaped to conform to the rules, and the intersection of the collar is rectangular to conform to the square, which represents life. There must be rules. As the saying goes, there is no circle without rules. The belt hangs very long, all the way to the ankle, which represents integrity, and the lower skirt is flush with the ground, which represents balance. Contains many Confucian ideas. When people put on Hanfu, they will naturally pay attention to their words and deeds. It can be seen that Hanfu contains considerable cultural connotations and is influenced by the philosophical thoughts, ethics and morals of "Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, and Legalism". It is fully reflected in the clothing. The pursuit of peace and nature, aloofness from the world, and the realm of generosity and benevolence have shaped the "Hanfu" style of harmony between man and nature, and an elegant and free style. "Hanfu" also reflects the wearer's generosity, easy-going and inclusiveness.
At the same time, Hanfu also has a close relationship with filial piety culture. For example, the "Book of Rites" stipulates that when the parents are still alive, the children's crowns and clothing should not be in white. If the father dies, after the funeral, there is no special taboo for other children to wear clothes, but the legitimate children are still not allowed to wear them. Color clothes or use colored fabric edges. In addition, there are five mourning clothes, namely: cut off (cuī), Qi decline (zī cuī), great power, small power, and Ma.
Hanfu is an essential part of Chinese etiquette. China is also called "Huaxia", this name
Hanfu
The origin of the name is related to Hanfu. "Shang Shu Zhengyi" notes: "The crown of the Huazhang is called Hua, and the great country is called Xia." "Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi, Dinggong ten years" notes: "China has great etiquette, so it is called Xia; the beauty of Zhangfu is called Hua. "China has been known as "a country of dress and etiquette" since ancient times, and "dress and dress" has become synonymous with civilization and is also a part of Chinese etiquette. The rituals of Zhou Li are divided into five rites and eight categories. The five rites include: auspicious rites, unlucky rites, guest rites, military rites, and honorable gifts. The eight rites include: crown rites, wedding ceremonies, funeral rites, sacrificial rites, village rites, shooting rites, court rites, and betrothal gifts. Crowning ceremonies and weddings are the core of Jiali. Sacrifice is auspicious ceremony. "Zhu Zi's Notes on Tongmeng" says, "The study of Tongmeng begins with clothes, hats and shoes." Clothes and hats are the beginning of etiquette. Before the crowning ceremony, "no silk jacket or trousers". You can only wear fur and silk after reaching the age of 20.
The crown ceremony is a man's coming-of-age ceremony, which changes the boy's hair to wear a crown. In the Zhou Dynasty, scholar-bureaucrats were crowned when they were twenty years old, and princes were crowned when they were fifteen years old. "Book of Rites: Guanyi" says: "Having already attained the crown and aiming to achieve it is the way to become an adult." After the three additions, Xuan Mian will be added to the three princes and princes.
Hairpin ceremony is a woman's coming-of-age ceremony, which involves pulling her hair back into a bun and tying it with a hairpin. Zheng Xuan's annotation of "Etiquette: Crown Ceremony" says: "The etiquette of a hair-dressed girl is the same as that of a man, so that the host and the female guests can hold the ceremony." Han women who have been married will have their haircut ceremony held at the age of 15, while those who have not been married will hold it at the age of 20. According to the "History of the Song Dynasty·Etiquette", the hairpin ceremony for princesses in the Song Dynasty imitated the crown ceremony for concubines. The emperor added three crowns and attire: first, crown hairpins, then crowns with flowers, and thirdly, crowns with nine feathers and four phoenixes.
Wedding is one of the great gifts and can be divided into sacrificial wedding, court wedding and official wedding. In the system of the Tang and Song Dynasties, men of the fourth rank and above were married in the imperial robe, men of the ninth rank and above were married in the imperial robe, and commoners were married in the jiangong robe. The woman is married in a ceremonial dress or a long skirt.
Sacrifice is a ritual system for worshiping gods and ancestors, and is the highest etiquette in China. The sacrificial attire includes six crowns and a crown. The scholar's assistant sacrifices the robe of Jue Bian, and his own priest wears the robe of Xuanduan. The wife of the scholar wears a gown to assist in the sacrifice.
Hanfu sports:
The Hanfu Movement is the abbreviation of "Hanfu Cultural Revival Movement" and is an active part of the Chinese cultural renaissance movement.
The Hanfu movement existed for a period of time after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, but more specifically at the beginning of this century, with the rise of China's national power and the awakening of the consciousness of a great nation among some Chinese people, with intellectuals and young people as the main body, the return of Hanfu was the The starting point is a cultural renaissance movement with the goal of reviving Chinese culture.
The Hanfu movement is a way for the Han people to revive traditional clothing and promote the traditional culture of the Han people. Since the reform and opening up, as China's comprehensive national strength has increased significantly, its international status has also increased significantly. Chinese culture has once again received the attention and attention of the world. At the same time, the Chinese people's national self-esteem and self-confidence have awakened. The Chinese people have begun to reflect on our country's excellent culture and make efforts to protect and inherit it. At that time, Hanfu woke up from its slumber, and Hanfu organizations sprung up all over the country to revive the five thousand years of Chinese civilization and promote Chinese costumes, and the Hanfu movement also developed accordingly.
The Hanfu movement is a manifestation of the Han nation's love for traditional culture. It is scientific, targeted, progressive and has deep cultural connotations. It plays an irreplaceable and profound role in rebuilding national self-confidence and national pride.
Historical background
Hanfu, that is, the traditional clothing of the Han nationality in China, has been called Han clothes, Han clothes, clothes, Chinese clothes, Chinese clothes, Chinese clothes, Han clothes, etc. It has been developed and inherited for more than 4,000 years. (died out and started to revive in the early 21st century), it is different from other ethnic groups, embodying cultural connotations such as Han etiquette and customs, aesthetic character, thought and philosophy, and demonstrating the spirit of Chinese national identity.
On August 29, 1645 AD (the ninth day of the seventh month in the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), the Manchu Qing government promulgated the Change of Clothing Order, which stipulated that "since officials and citizens have shaved their heads, their clothes and hats should comply with the system of the dynasty. The Han nation has gone through a lot of blood. After the failure of the resistance, Hanfu, which lasted for more than 3,000 years, almost disappeared. Men shaved their hair and wore braids hanging behind their heads, wearing horseshoe sleeves, tight socks, and deep boots. Han women retained the traditional "blouse" of Han women. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1912, Han men changed to suits and tunic suits, while Han women were accustomed to wearing cheongsam.
However, there is a new trend in mainland China to restore the tradition of Hanfu. Hanfu has begun to enter the real society again, and Hanfu activities are emerging in various places. Some Hanfu enthusiasts set up a website to make it known to the world, and the number of members soon exceeded tens of thousands. Others circulated Hanfu designs on the Internet and suggested that the Ministry of Education uniformly use Hanfu as academic uniforms. Some people refer to this as China’s “traditional cultural renaissance” phenomenon.
Summary: The Hanfu movement existed for a period of time after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, but it was more common at the beginning of this century. With the rise of China's national power and the awakening of the consciousness of a great nation among some Chinese people, the Hanfu movement was dominated by intellectuals and young people. A cultural renaissance movement with the goal of reviving Chinese culture as its starting point.
